The primary benefit of worm gears is their ability to provide high reduction ratios and correspondingly high torque multiplication. They may also be utilized as rate reducers in low- to medium-velocity applications. And, because their lowering ratio is based on the quantity of gear teeth only, they are more compact than other types of gears. Like fine-pitch business lead screws, worm gears are typically self-locking, which makes them well suited for hoisting and lifting applications.

Although the sliding contact reduces efficiency, it provides incredibly quiet operation. (The use of dissimilar metals for the worm and equipment also plays a part in quiet operation.) This makes worm gears ideal for use where noise should be minimized, such as for example in elevators. Furthermore, the utilization of a softer materials for the apparatus means that it could absorb shock loads, like those skilled in hefty equipment or crushing machines.

The meshing of the worm and the gear is a mixture of sliding and rolling actions, but sliding contact dominates at high reduction ratios. This sliding actions causes friction and heat, which limits the productivity of worm gears to 30 to 50 percent. So as to minimize friction (and therefore, high temperature), the worm and equipment are made from dissimilar metals – for instance, the worm may be made of hardened metal and the gear made of bronze or aluminum.

Just like a ball screw, the worm in a worm gear may well have an individual start or multiple starts – meaning that there are multiple threads, or helicies, on the worm. For a single-start worm, each complete transform (360 degrees) of the worm increases the equipment by one tooth. Therefore a gear with 24 teeth will provide a gear reduced amount of 24:1. For a multi-commence worm, the gear reduction equals the quantity of teeth on the gear, divided by the amount of starts on the worm. (That is different from almost every other types of gears, where in fact the gear reduction is definitely a function of the diameters of the two components.)

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